Estudo ex vivo da elevação do pH em superfície radicular externa após agitação ultrassônica de diferentes pastas de hidróxido de cálcio / Assessment of pH increase in the external root surface after ultrasonic agitation of different calcium hydroxide pastes: Ex vivo study

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, ex vivo, a capacidade de elevação do pH da superfície radicular externa de diferentes pastas de hidróxido de cálcio (HC) utilizadas como medicação intracanal, além da influência da ativação ultrassônica (AUS) durante aplicação no interior do canal radicular. Métodos: Foram utilizados 100 incisivos humanos superiores unirradiculares, que tiveram os canais radiculares modelados e divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos experimentais (n=15), de acordo com a pasta de HC, tendo como variáveis as medicações utilizadas e a ativação da pasta com AUS no momento da aplicação, além de um grupo controle (n=10): Pasta Calen; HC+clorexidina 2% gel (CX2%); e HC + água destilada. Os dentes foram mantidos imersos em água deionizada e as medidas do pH, verificadas nos períodos de 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias, com auxílio de pHmetro. Resultados: De acordo com os dados obtidos, verificou-se elevação do pH nos períodos de 7 e 14 dias em todos os grupos. Apenas os grupos em que foi utilizada a associação do HC com CX2% apresentou evolução com aumento significativo do pH ao longo dos períodos analisados (p<0,05). A ativação das pastas com AUS proporcionou incremento significativo dos valores de pH (p<0,05). Conclusão: De acordo com a metodologia empregada, pode-se concluir que todas as pastas utilizadas promovem elevação do pH no tecido dentinário, e a ativação das pastas com AUS influencia significativamente na elevação do pH no tecido dentinário (AU).

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate, ex-vivo, the pH elevation capacity on the external root surface of different calcium hydroxide (HC) pastes, utilized as intracanal medication, it was also evaluated the influence of the ultrasonic activation at the application within the root canal. Methods: 100 human single root superior incisors were used, which had their root canals shaped and randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n=15) according to the following HC pastes: Calen; HC + Chlorhex- idine 2% gel (CX2%); HC + distilled water, utilizing the medications and the ultrasonic activation of the paste at the time of the application as variables and 1 control group (n=10). The teeth were kept immersed in deionized water and the pH parameters were verified in 7, 14, 21 and 28 days with a pH measurement machine. Results: According to the data obtained, pH was elevated in the first week in all groups. Only the groups which the association of HC with CX2% was made, did show a significant increase in the pH level over the analyzed periods (p < 0,05). The activation of the pastes with US provided a significant increase in pH values (p < 0,05). Conclusion: According to the methodology used, we can conclude that all the HC pastes used, promote pH elevation in dentin tissue. And the acti- vation of the pastes with US significantly influences the pH increase in dentin tissue

Revisión analítica de estudios multicéntricos con policresuleno en patología hemorroidal / Analytical review of multicenter studies with polycresulene for hemorrhoidal pathologies

Seven centers investigated the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of policresulene associated to cinchocaine administered locally as ointment, suppositories or both formulations in 2287 patients with hemorrhoid pathology. The studies were conducted with a standardised protocol and case report forms and with the same score criteria for rating efficacy and tolerability according to the physicians and the patients. Highly satisfactory results were achieved in 1904 patients (83.2 per cent) according to the investigators criteria. Patients rated the outcome most satisfactory for 1881 cases (82.2 per cent). The following were found to be the principal indications: external and internal hemorrhoids associated with bleeding, acute anal fissures, rhagades and perforated or incised perianal thrombosis, anal eczema and anal pruritus, proctitis and wound treatment after proctologic surgery. None of the investigators found any serious adverse event. Mild to moderate adverse reactions in 10 per cent of the patients were local discomfort, pruritus, burning or irritation. Such symptoms occurred at the beginning of treatment. The favourable effects of pol icresulene are attributed to its unique mechanism of action. The highly acid characteristic of the substance causes a selective coagulation of the necrotic tissues leaving healthy tissues unaffected. The desquamation and remotion of the necrotic tissues induces rapid wound cleansing, and a reactive hyperemia of the treated area enhancing epithelization. Its highly acid pH produces a marked bactericidal action on the most common pathogens and C. albicans as well. Policresulene has hemostyptic properties producing vasoconstriction of the myofibrils of the blood vessels arresting profuse bleeding from large areas. The local anesthetic cinchocaine contributes to the initial pain relief. None of the formulations contains corticosteroids which makes this preparations also suitable for long term treatment periods.

Ointment entrapment in the corneal laceration

A 19-year-old woman developed right superonasal corneal laceration from an object thrown by a lawnmower. An emergency room physician treated it with instillation of antibiotic ointment and patching. A portion of the ointment became entrapped in the stromal wound, a very rare phenomenon. Out of the line of vision entrapment of ointment has not seriously affected the visual acuity. It also has caused no chronic inflammatory reaction. However, it has not cleared even after eight months

Ensayo para determinar la irritabilidad oftálmica de las sustancias aplicadas en la mucosa del ojo / Assays for the determination of ophthalmic irritability of substances applied to mucous membrane of the eye

Las pruebas de irritabilidad oftálmica son necesarias para garantizar la inocuidad de sustancias, tales como cosméticos o medicamentos, que puedan entrar en contacto con el ojo. En nuestro laboratorio no existía un ensayo que evaluara la ausencia de contaminantes en los colirios o unguentos por lo que se decidió iniciar el montaje de los métodos descritos por Draize (1974), la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1973) y el método descrito por Griffith (1980) adaptándolos a nuestras condiciones. En el presente trabajo se muestran losresultados de la evaluación de varios lotes por supuesta contaminación con un tóxico, cambio en el pH, cambio de base y, por último, por dificultades tecnológicas. Todos se evaluaron por las técnicas que se establecieron, y los resultados alos cuales llegamos se muestran en las diversas tablas